Early research into L carnitine was often cited as underwhelming, showing negligible changes in muscle carnitine content and fat loss outcomes. However, these findings may have been limited by a short study window Antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antigenotoxic, and hepatic ameliorative effects of L carnitine and selenium on cadmium induced hepatotoxicity and alterations in liver cell structure in male mice ScienceDirect L Carnitine: Benefits, Side Effects, And Dosage, Per Dietitians Molecular Medicine Reports