Ventilator associated pneumonia: mechanisms, an appraisal of current therapies and the role for inhaled antibiotics in prevention and treatment ScienceDirect ()? is a lung infection that can cause serious health complications, especially in patients with weakened immune systems. When a patient is VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is pneumonia that develops 48 hours or longer after mechanical ventilation is given by means of an endotracheal tube or Dr. Aditya Rana Clinical challenge of diagnosing non ventilator hospital acquired pneumonia and identifying causative pathogens: a narrative review ScienceDirect